Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Urinary Tract Infection, Recurrent [Women]
PATHOGENS
Same list as uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis: major causes include:
- Escherichia coli
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Other Enterobacterales
Other organisms, including Enterococcus spp. and Group B Streptococci (GBS), are much more likely contaminants than pathogens.
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Last updated: June 9, 2024
Citation
Melia, Michael. "Urinary Tract Infection, Recurrent [Women]." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2024. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540574/3.6/Urinary_Tract_Infection_Recurrent_[Women].
Melia M. Urinary Tract Infection, Recurrent [Women]. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2024. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540574/3.6/Urinary_Tract_Infection_Recurrent_[Women]. Accessed November 4, 2025.
Melia, M. (2024). Urinary Tract Infection, Recurrent [Women]. In Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540574/3.6/Urinary_Tract_Infection_Recurrent_[Women]
Melia M. Urinary Tract Infection, Recurrent [Women] [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2024. [cited 2025 November 04]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540574/3.6/Urinary_Tract_Infection_Recurrent_[Women].
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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